![]() ![]() The idea of stuttering-phonology links also was incorporated into the theoretical arena. Stuttering frequency, however, was inversely related to the intensity and duration of sounds and unrelated to sound difficulties for 6-year olds as well as to the frequency of occurrence of sounds. Using correlation techniques, he showed that the frequency of stuttering on the different speech sounds (reported by Johnson & Brown, 1935) was positively related to the difficulties of sounds according to developmental data for 2-year old children, as well as with the fundamental pitch of vowels. Fairbanks (1937) pursued this line employing different objectives and methodology. Hahn (1942) reported that the specific sounds /g, d, th, l, and ch/ were most likely to be stuttered by adults he also affirmed Brown’s conclusion regarding the consonant/vowel differences in relation to the distribution of stuttering. Several other early studies also addressed this issue. ![]() Specifically, stuttering occurred significantly more often on consonants than on vowels, a finding Brown confirmed in 1938. Additionally, they reported that not only individual sounds, but the two main classes of sounds differed in relation to stuttering. Looking at the distribution of stuttering, they found that the most frequently stuttered speech sounds were /z, l, j, t, and g/. In one of the early pertinent studies, Johnson and Brown (1935) analyzed more than 300,000 words in the speech of 32 adults who stuttered. The notion that stuttering is linked to speech sound production has been around for many years. Results revealed no statistically significant differences in the stuttering characteristics of the two groups near onset, calling into the question the nature of the stuttering-phonology link. The children’s level of stuttering-like disfluencies was examined. That is, close to the onset of stuttering, are there differences in specific stuttering patterns between children who exhibit minimal and moderate phonological deviations in terms of frequency of stuttering and length of stuttering events? Twenty-nine preschool children near the onset of stuttering, ranging in age from 29 to 49 months, with a mean of 39.17 months, were divided into two groups based on the level of phonological ability: minimal phonological deviations and moderate phonological deviations. In view of this, the purpose of the investigation was to determine whether, among children who stutter, there are relationships between phonological skills and the initial characteristics of stuttering. There is a substantial amount of literature reporting the incidence of phonological difficulties to be higher for children who stutter when compared to normally fluent children, suggesting a link between stuttering and phonology. ![]()
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